Selasa, 26 Februari 2013

Expressions Used In Describing Process

Kalian pernah kan membaca buku resep,atau cara menggunakan suatu alat. Nah dalam materi ini. Kita membicarakan hal tersebut.

The Expressions:
I. Beginning
  1. The first thing you do is....
  2. To begin with.....
  3. To start with....
  4. First.....

II. Continuing
  1. And .....
  2. Then .....
  3. And then .....
  4. Next ..... + verb in imperative form
  5. After this ...... (infinitive without to)
  6. Following this.....
  7. When (this done)/(you’ve done this) ......
  8. Once (this is done) / (you’ve done this) ......
  9. While (something else is happening) .......

III. Ending
  1. Finally .....
  2. Lastly ......
  3. To finish .....
Example :

How to make an omelette
We need at least 4 eggs per omelette. First, break the eggs carefully into a bowl and season with salt and freshly milled pepper. Then beat them with fork. After this, heat the oil, not too much heat, just heat it. Then pour the eggs into the hot pan. Carefully tap the pan so that the cooked omelette moves and slightly overlaps the pan edge. And then gently fold this overlap in toward the centre it should only go one third distance. Now arrange your chosen filling in the centre of the omelette and finally, fold the other edge in towards the middle.

Grammar Review Used To / Be Used To

1. Used to 

Struktur used to + infinitive hanya digunakan untuk masa lalu. Hal ini mengacu pada kebiasaan masa lalu dan negara. Used to artinya “pernah” dalam bahasa Indonesia. Jika seseorang mengatakan kepada lawan bicaranya kata “used to” (pernah)  melakukan sesuatu, berarti itu artinya bahwa beberapa waktu lalu dia pernah melakukannya tetapi dia tidak melakukannya sekarang.
Form:
Used to + Verb1

Examples:
  • He used to play cards a lot.
  • Did he use to play soccer at school?
  • I used to play soccer in Ganesba FC. (I played soccer in Ganesba FC but I don’t play now)


2. Be Used to
”Be+ used to” dapat diikuti oleh kata benda atau bentuk -ing. Be+ used to artinya “terbiasa” dalam bahasa Indonesia. Jika seseorang mengatakan kepada orang lain kata “be+ used to” (terbiasa) melakukan sesuatu. Dia berarti mengatakan bahwa dia telah melakukannya atau mengalaminya begitu sering sehingga tidak lagi aneh baginya (sudah terbiasa).
Form :
Be used to + Verb ing / Noun (k.benda)

Examples :
  • I’m not used to playing football in muddy field
  • He’s used to speaking Spanish
  • They are used to walking in long distance
Example Dialogue :

A : Did you used to hungry at mid night?
B : I used to not hungry at mid night

Sabtu, 23 Februari 2013

English SMK Grammer Review Conjuctions


A conjunction is a word that connects other words or groups of words . In the sentence Bob and Dan are friends the conjunction and connects two nouns and in the sentence He will drive or fly , the conjunction or connects two verbs. In the sentence It is early but we can go , the conjunction but connects two groups of words.
Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions which connect two equal parts of a sentence. The most common ones are and, or, but, and so which are used in the following ways:
and is used to join or add words together in the sentence ex : They ate and drank.
or is used to show choice or possibilities as in the sentence ex : He will be here on Monday or Tuesday.
but is used to show opposite or conflicting ideas as in the sentence. Ex : She is small but strong.
so is used to show result as in the sentence Ex: I was tired so I went to sleep.

Subordinating conjunctions connect two parts of a sentence that are not equal and will be discussed more in another class. For now, you should know some of the more common subordinating conjunctions such as:
  1. after before unless
  2. although if until
  3. as since when
  4. because than while
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. In the sentence Both Jan and Meg are good swimmers , both . . .and are correlative conjunctions . The most common correlative conjunctions are:
  1. both . . .and
  2. either . . . or
  3. neither . . . nor
  4. not only . . . but also

Jumat, 22 Februari 2013

English SMK Arguinng

An argument is an attempt to persuade someone of something, by giving reasons for accepting a particular conclusion as evident.[1][2]

Argument in informal logic
Argument is an informal calculus, relating an effort to be performed or sum to be spent,
to possible future gain, either economic or moral.
In informal logic, an argument is a connexion between
a) an individual action
b) through which a generally accepted good is obtained.
Ex :
a) You should marry Jane (individual action, individual decision)
b) because she has the same temper as you. (generally accepted wisdom that marriage is good in itself, and it is generally accepted that people with the same character get along well).

a) You should not smoke (individual action, individual decision)
b) because smoking is harmful (generally accepted wisdom that health is good).

The argument is neither a) advice nor b) moral or economical judgement, but the connection between the two. An argument always uses the connective because. An argument is not an explanation. It does not connect two events, cause and effect, which already took place, but a possible individual action and its beneficial outcome. An argument is not a proof. A proof is a logical and cognitive concept; an argument is a praxeologic concept. A proof changes our knowledge; an argument compels us to act. [ this section lacks reference ]

Linking Arguments
  1. First of all, I think …
  2. Not only that, but I also think that …
  3. Not only are they …, they are also …
  4. They are not …, nor are they …
  5. There are various/several/many reasons for this.
  6. First, … / Firstly, …
Examples
  1. Take for example (the case of) …
  2. Look at …
  3. For instance … / For example …
  4. Let me give you an example.
  5. Additions and Conclusion
  6. Most probably …
Example Dialogue : 

Ani : What do you think about Boyband ?
Ina : They awesome ! Good looking , good voice.
Dewi : Not only that, but I also think that not all boyband has a good voice.

English SMK Agreement and Disagreement


Agree and disagree is expression toward our ideas or statements that usually we gave in our life. As we know that people around us sometimes agree/disagree with these ideas or statements.

Saying that you agree:
  1. Yes, I agree with you
  2. I think so
  3. I know what you mean
  4. That is true
  5. I agree to do so
  6. I don’t have any objection to it
Saying that you disagree:
  1. I don’t agree
  2. I disagree
  3. I don’t think so
  4. I’m not so sure
  5. Why do you think so?
  6. I refuse
  7. I have different opinion
  8. What make you say it?
Example Dialog :

A:  “I think, students should not cheating in examination time”

B: “Yes, I agree with you. Cheat can’t measure the students’ comprehension about their lesson”

M:  “Dangerous criminal should be killed”

N:   “I don’t have any objections because the criminal can make any trouble to the other people.”

P:   “I think the government should give more attention to small industries”

Q:   “I think so, because small industries open more job’s opportunity”

English SMK Expressing Opinions

There are many ways to express our opinion when speaking English, they are :

Asking opinions:
  1. What do you think about …..? (is used when referring to controversial matters or problems)
  2. What are your views on….? (is used when discussing topics of a wider nature, e.g. marriage, education, etc.)
  3. What is your opinion about ….?
  4. Do you have any idea ….?
  5. I’d like to know your opinion about….
  6. How do you feel about….?
Giving Opinions:
  1. In my opinion….
  2. I think that…..
  3. I believe that….
  4. As I see it…..
  5. From my point of view….
  6. To my mind…..
  7. Personally, I think….
Format dialog:

A   : “You know, I think One Direction are all handsome personnel. And what do you think ?
B   : “Well, I’m not sure. Why do you say that?
A   : “Because they all have a very good appeal in the eyes of female adolescents. Don’t you think so?
B   : “No, Not really. I disagree. In my opinion, they only imitate boyband from korea alone”
A   : “Oh? What make you say that?”
B   : “You don’t always their secrets”
A   : “Hmmm. Maybe you are right”

Giving and Responding to Compliments

Compliments are expression of admiration, respect or praise. We all like to receive compliment, they make us feel good about ourselves.
There are 4 various kinds of compliment, namely:
Compliments of appearance (pujian pada penampilan)

  1. You really have….
  2. You look…..
  3. How …. you look tonight
  4. I like your…., it’s very…
  5. I love your…., it’s very…

Compliments on skill or talents (pujian pada skill atau bakat)
  1. I didn’t know you could….well.
  2. Your….so well/getting better/getting stronger.
  3. You are great/smart….

Compliments on work accomplished (pujian pada hasil kerja/kemahiran)
  1. I don’t know how you did it, but….
  2. Congratulations. I heard you/your…. . That is great news.
  3. This/these….is/are very delicious.

Compliments on possessions (pujian pada barang/orang)
  1. Your new….is very nice/good.
  2. Your….is generous/lovely.
  3. I like your…., it’s very….
  4. I love your…., it’s very….
Many kinds of the expressions are used to give compliment  to others as below :
  • Wonderful.
  • Congratulation
  • You look handsome/beautiful tonight
  • Wow, Fantastic.
  • That's great
  • Well done.
  • How beautiful you look.
  • Wow.. beautiful.
  • What a good appearance I see.
  • You look great.
  • Good job.
Contoh dalam bentuk dialog :

Staff      : What a beautiful dress, Ms. Elliot.
Guest    :Thanks, I’m glad you like it.

Staff      : Your new hair-do looks absolutely gorgeous, Mrs. Simpson.
Guest    : How kind of you to say so.
Guest    : My compliments to the chef. This linguine is superb.
Staff      : Thank you ma’am. I’ll be sure to let the chef know.
Guest    : Your English is very good.
Staff      : Thank you very much.

Staff      : Excellent game Mr. Johnson. You really gave me a workout.
Guest    : Thanks, I guess all those private lessons are finally paying off.
Guest    : I really appreciate all the extra work you did on helping us solve that problem. It truly went above and beyond. My compliments to your work ethic.
Staff      : Thank you sir, how kind of you to say so.

Note* : Compliments itu ungkapan dalam pujian.

Expressing Certainty English SMK

Complete certainty

The modal auxiliaries will, shall, can and must can be used to express complete certainty.
She must have reached. (I am certain that she has reached.)
You must be joking.  (I am certain that you are joking.)
There is the doorbell. That will be the postman. (I am certain that that is the postman.)
That can’t be the postman. He has already been. (I am certain that that is not the postman.)

Probability and possibility
The modal auxiliaries should, may and ought (to) may be used to express probability or possibility.
  1. She should be here soon. (It is probable, not certain.)
  2. I may be taking a long leave.
  3. She ought to have reached.

Weak probability
To express weak probability, we can use might or could.
  1. He might win.
  2. You could be a millionaire one day.

Theoretical or habitual possibility
To express theoretical possibility we can use can.
  1. Glass can be blown.
  2. Mumbai can be very warm in April and May.

Conditional possibility
  1. If you had worked hard, you would have passed.
  2. If you invited, she would come.
  3. If you just stopped talking, I could get some work done
Example :  
    1. Asking and giving for certainty

      Anisa               : Are you sure it’s going to rain?

     Bambang         : I’m positive. The sky is so cloudy.        

   2. Expressing uncertainty/doubt and respond to doubt

       Teacher          : Can you do this exercise?

       Bona               : I’m not sure

       Teacher          : Come on, Sure you can.

Asking for certainty
  1. Are you sure
  2. Really
  3. Do you think so
  4. Are you certain 
  5. Is it confirmed
  6. Is ok if…..?
Giving for certainty
  1. I’m certain
  2. Of course
  3. Certainty
  4. No doubt about it
  5. Trust me
  6. Absolutely sure
Expressing to doubt/uncertainty

  1. I'm not sure
  2. I doubt it
  3. Well I dont know
Responding to doubt
  1. Come on
  2. Take it easy
  3. Don't worry

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